Pelvic floor dysfunction is the inability to correctly relax and coordinate your pelvic floor muscles to have a bowel movement. Symptoms include constipation, straining to defecate, having urine or stool leakage, and experiencing a frequent need to pee. Initial treatments include biofeedback, pelvic floor physical therapy and medications.

The experience of uncontrollably leaking urine can be an embarrassing issue for many people. Urinary incontinence is usually caused by problems with the muscles and nerves that help control the bladder hold or pass urine. Certain health condition unique to women, such as pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause can cause problems with these muscles and nerves.

Vaginal prolapse is a condition where your vagina slips out of position. It happens when the tissues and muscles in your pelvis weaken and overstretch. It’s more common in people who have had multiple vaginal deliveries during childbirth and have gone through menopause.

Abnormal uterine bleeding is bleeding between monthly periods, prolonged bleeding or an extremely heavy period. Possible causes include fibroids, polyps, hormone changes and — in rare cases — cancer.

Ovarian cysts are common growths that develop on or inside your ovaries. There are several types of cysts. The most common kinds are harmless, don’t cause symptoms and eventually go away without treatment. Rarely, cysts can cause complications that require your provider’s attention. Getting regular pelvic exams can help reduce your chances of experiencing problems with a cyst.

Uterine fibroids are a common type of noncancerous tumor that can grow in and on your uterus. Not all fibroids cause symptoms, but when they do, symptoms can include heavy menstrual bleeding, back pain, frequent urination and pain during sex. Small fibroids often don’t need treatment, but larger fibroids can be treated with medications or surgery.

One in 6 couples may need treatment for infertility.

Infertility is commonly caused by problems with ovulation (the monthly release of an egg from the ovaries). Some problems stop an egg being released at all, while others prevent an egg being released during some cycles but not others. Ovulation problems can be a result of: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Norethindrone acetate is a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone. This medication is a hormone replacement to balance progesterone in your body. Norethindrone acetate treats endometriosis, uterine bleeding caused by abnormal hormone levels and secondary amenorrhea. Oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone are used in hormone replacement.

Post menopause is the time after you’ve been without a menstrual period for 12 months. During this stage, menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, get milder or go away. People in post menopause are at increased risk for osteoporosis and heart disease. Medication or healthy lifestyle changes may reduce the risk of these conditions.

A pelvic ultrasound scan is the most effective imaging modality used to examine the uterus and ovaries. It may be used during pregnancy to monitor the health and development of the embryo and fetus.

Transvaginal ultrasound: Also called endovaginal ultrasound, usually used by doctors to examine the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and cervix. Unlike a regular abdominal or pelvic ultrasound where the ultrasound wand (rest )on the outside of the pelvis, this procedure involves your doctor inserting and ultrasound probe about 2 or 3 inches into your vaginal canal.